ADLİ TIP BÜLTENİ
Number 19(3), 2014
- 124EditorialAuthors: Halis DokgözDear Forensic Scientists, Last year, 2014, was quite challenging and highly fruitful for The Bulletin of Legal Medicine. With this issue, we have completed our regularly published since 1996 journal's volumes of 2012 and 2013, and 2014 issues even with increasing numbers of papers. For The Bulletin of Legal Medicine 2014 was a year of restructuring. Firstly, we have started our “Open Journal System” by establishing journal's website. Based on the philosophy of free science we make PDF version of all articles published since 1996 freely available in through our system. We updated and reactivated journal's national and international advisory board. We successively achieved to initiate a more efficient manuscript evaluation system by double blinded review on "Open Journal System". With these improvements our journal is currently being indexed by many national and international databases. We will continue to publish actual invited literature reviews by highly qualified invited professionals in the field. Dr.C.A.Bemard, who brought countless innovations to Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Adliye-i Şahane, is a highly valuable scholar with his dissection and autopsy studies. We are sure that you will benefit from the paper entitled “An Assessment on the Works of Charles Ambroisse Bernard, the founder of Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Adliye-i Şahane (Imperial School of Medicine), and his effects on Ottoman” by Hülya Öztürk and Cezmi Karasu. We thank the authors who willingly share this archival work with our readers. In this issue, we are glad to share an invited article entitled “The Role of Psychology in Investigations” by our colleague Donna Youngs and Emek Yüce Zeyrek-Rios from Huddersfield University International Research Centre for Investigative Psychology (IRCIP). Valuable forensic scientists. The Bulletin of Legal Medicine will be with you with innovation and surprises in 2015. The phenomenon of tutorials, developer, and exchanger characteristic of case as stated by famous Italian thinker Gramsci, is evident in manuscripts submitted to our journal. We will share more case works in our further issues. At this point, we would like to emphasize that we continue to our scientific journey thanks to valuable contribution by forensic science professionals as authors and reviewers. To meet in innovation, we wish 2015 to bring health and happiness. Best regards, Prof.Dr.Halis Dokgöz
- 125-134An Assessment on the Works of Charles Ambroisse Bernard, The Founder of Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Adliye-i Şahane (Imperial School of Medicine), and his effects on OttomanAuthors: Hülya Öztürk, Cezmi KarasuIn the Ottoman State, modem medical education started in the early 19th century. The modem medical education first began in the Tersane Tibbiyesi (Shipyard Medical School), then continued in Tiphane (Medical School) and Cerrahhane-i Amire (Imperial Surgery School), and was then moved to a new building in Galatasaray and named as Mekteb-i Tibbiye-i Adliye-i Şahane (Imperial School of Medicine) in 1839. Dr. Charles Ambroisse Bernard, invited to the Ottoman State to ensure modernity in medicine, served as the director of Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Adliye-i Şahane and worked in Istanbul for the school until the end of his life. Dr. C. A. Bernard redesigned the school based on the example of Josephinum Military Academy of Medicine in Wien and strived to enable that Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Adliye- i Şahane offers medical education in the western style. The institution became a modem school with its library, botanical garden, pharmacy and midwifing classes. The first dissections and autopsies were performed in this school thanks to vigorous endeavors of Dr. C. A. Bernard, after special permission was received from the sultan of that age. During his life in Istanbul, Dr. C. A. Bernard produced many works. He lost his life due to inflammation in his neck in the last months of 1844. This study first emphasizes the importance of Dr. C. A. Bernard for medical practices in the Ottoman State and then provides information on four significant works he produced while working for development ofthe school. These works of Dr. C. A. Bernard, published in Turkey, are of particular importance since they serve to close a large gap in the field they deal with. Key words: Charles Ambroisse Bernard, Mekteb-i Tıbbıye-iAdliye-i Şahane, Composition.
- 135-145The Role of Psychology in InvestigationsAuthors: Donna YOUNGS, Emek Yüce ZEYREK-RIOSThe current paper will review the ways psychology, particularly Investigative Psychology, contributes to investigations. The three broad types of contributions are;investigative inferences, the investigation process and the assessment and improvement of investigative information. Psychology can provide useful decision support tools to facilitate the investigation processes and help investigators to give more appropriate decisions. The application of psychological principles is also beneficial in the evaluation process of the accuracy of the investigative information. Grounded on the actuarial evidence, psychology is able to generate answers to many questions raised in different stages of police investigations. Key words: Crime, Investigation, Profiling, Investigative Psychology
- 146-153The Assesment of Demographie Characteristics, Familial Variable and Mental Disorders in Child and Adolescent Sexual Abuse CasesAuthors: Esra Özdemir Demirci, Sevgi Özmen, Didem Behice Öztop, Çağlar Özdemir, Merve Çıkılı UytunSexual abuse is a major public health problem. With each passing day, the number of abuse cases is also increasing as well as the number of studies on sexual abuse. The aim is determine the sociodemographic characteristics and mental disorders of children reported with sexual abuse. The researchers have retrospectively examined the data of the children and the adults aged between 2 to 18, who suffered from sexual abuse and were referred to the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of Erciyes between January - July 2014. Frequency of abuse and for the mental disorders determined retrospective by DSM-TV-TR. Cases were composed of 54 girls and 6 boys. Mean age is 14.01 ± 2.37 in girls, 9.66 ± 3.07 in boys. Vaginal penetration is the most reported type of the sexual abuse in girls, anal penetration is the most reported type of the sexual abuse in boys. According to the psychiatric evaluation children; girls have acute stress reaction, boys have adjustment disorder. Sexual abuse; disrupt emotional, sexual, social development and have led to psychopathology. In studies, psychopathology, divorce and abuse history in parents of children is identified as a risk factor for abuse; which we were detected too. In accordance with the literature in the majority of cases are diagnosed in mental disorders Sexual abuse is a major public health problem, which increases risks for psychopathology development, so it is important to define demographic features. Key words: Children, Adolescents, Sexual abuse, Socio-demographic characteristics.
- 154-160Evaluation of Official Medico-Legal Documents about Police Custodies in Turkey before Istanbul Protocol TrainingsAuthors: Ümit Ünüvar, Özgür Can, Şebnem Korur Fincancı, Metin Bakkalcı, Ahmet Tellioğlu, Bahattin Özdemir, Çağlar Özdemir, Elif Kırteke, Emre Kapkın, Ertan Güven, Halis Ulaş, Hülya Üçpınar, Kaan Toker, Kemalettin Acar, Kerem Altıparmak, Münip Ermiş, Nadir Arıcan, Özkan Yücel, Sema İlhan, S. Serhat Gürpınar, Sezai Berber, Şükran İrençin, Türkcan Baykal, Ufuk Katkıcı, Ümit Biçer, Yalçın BüyükOfficial medico-legal documents about police custodies in Turkey were reviewed in the framework of the project named “Istanbul Protocol Training Programme: Enhancing the Knowledge Level of Non- Forensic Expert Physicians, Judges and Prosecutors” conducted by Turkish Medical Association and International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims, in 2007-2009. The objectives of this study were to assess a process of medico-legal examinations and the quality of documents for detainees, before the Istanbul Protocol trainings and to determine whether the whole process followed was suitable in terms of Istanbul Protocol and to developed appropriate recommendations. Documents prepared just before the trainings by state employed physicians describing medical examination before and after police custodies were reviewed in Turkey. A multi-centered qualitative study was planned to reflect the overall country. One medico-legal document prepared before-police-custody and another document prepared after-police-custody on 61 different days between January 2008 and February 2009 were requested from 42 different units in 14 cities. A total of 1288 medico-legal documents were evaluated by using the General Medico-Legal Examination Report Form's questions involving the principles of forensic medicine services issued in a circular letter by the Ministry of Health in 2005. The analysis showed no differences between all cities and all units in terms of suitability of Istanbul Protocol. Of 1288 documents 86% had no formal structure such as including forensic medicine specialists need training for Istanbul Protocol. Key Words: Forensic medicine, Training, Standard examination forms, Medico-legal documentation, Istanbul Protocol.
- 169-175Medicolegal Childhood Deaths in SamsunAuthors: Berna AYDIN, Ahmet Turla, Hülya MutluThe purpose of this study was to contribute to research aimed at reducing preventable childhood deaths by describing the general characteristics of childhood medicolegal deaths in Samsun. Records concerning 301 medicolegal deaths in the 0-18 age group subjected to postmortem examination over a 6-year period from 2006 to 2011 in Samsun were examined. Data were analyzed with the help of SPSS (version 20.0). Males represented 66.1% of cases. Mean age was 7.7±5.7 (0-18) years, and the largest number of cases (26.6%) was in the 1-4 age group. Following forensic investigation, manner of death was determined as accidental in 78.4% of children. Of the 236 child deaths identified as due to accidents, 47.4% were the result of traffic accidents. The most common cause of death in the 34 cases assessed as natural death was infectious diseases (47.1%). Since a large part of the injury-related childhood deaths were caused by accidents, and particularly traffic accidents, we think that such deaths could be significantly reduced through simple and easily applied measures. Key words: Forensic medicine, Childhood, Medicolegal death.
- 176-179Drug Administration Error: Four Case ReportsAuthors: Volkan Ünal, Esra Ünal, Zafer Çetinkaya, Zeynep Yener, Mehmet Fatih Yıldız, Humman Şen, Sadi ÇağdırAccording to the Law of the Council of Forensic Medicine; third specialization Board of the Council of Forensic Medicine is responsible for the expertise of medical malpractice cases. Allied health professionals have critical role on providing health care. Nurse’s, responsible on clinics, are also responsible for providing suitable educational environment. With this study we will present 4 cases, sent to the council of Forensic medicine asking whether the applications of student nurses’ can be considered as medical malpractice, in order to discuss about the duties of allied health professionals and the consequences of the failure of providing the necessary training to student nurses. Key words: İnjection, Malpractice, Nurse
- 180-184Suicidal Intent due to Vareniclin Use: Case ReportAuthors: Özge Gülmez, Ramazan AkçanVarenicline is the most effective pharmacological treatment currently used to for smoking cessation treatment. It is a selective partial agonist for α2-β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Although it is highly successful in smoking cessation, it is responsible for serious neuropsychiatric side effects. One of the most serious side effects in patients using Varenicline is increased suicidal intent and tendency. Here, we report a 31 years old female patient who developed suicidal intent because of Vareniclin use; therefore, attract professionals attention to the relationship between the use of Vareniclin and depression symptoms, suicide intent and suicidality. In this context, we believe that use of Vareniclin should be questioned in the patients admitted to emergency department with suicide attempts or in completed suicide cases subjected to forensic investigation. Key words: Varenicline treatment, forensic medicine, suicide.
- 185-189Posttraumatic Fat Embolism and Medicolegal Evaluation: A Case ReportAuthors: Orhan MERAL, Nihal ERDOĞAN, Hülya GÜLER, Ahsen KAYA, Aytaç KOÇAKFat embolism is defined as the presence of fat globules in the lung parenchyma or circulation after long bone fracture or other major trauma and often asymptomatic. However, fat embolism syndrome is the clinical symptoms and signs that defined after fat embolism and can be a fatal statement. It often manifests 24 - 72 hours after trauma with central nervous system, respiratory and urinary tract, eyes and skin symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to reduce the risk of death. While these cases often carry judicial nature and so, this clinical situation must be kept in mind during the arrangement of the forensic reports of these cases. In this case report, a 30-year-old male case is detailed in which the patient was injured after an extravehicular traffic accident and developed pulmonary fat embolism afterwards and was presented to our department with the request of a final forensic report. It is intended to emphasize on the elements to take into consideration while diagnosing fat embolism and draw attention to the changes made under subject "injuries result with risk of life", in the guide published in June, 2013 with title "The Evaluation of Injury Crimes Defined in the Turkish Penal Code with regards to Forensic Medicine". Keywords: Forensic report, complication, fat embolism, medicolegal evaluation.
- 190-192An Interesting Suicide Method: A Case ReportAuthors: Dua Sumeyra Demirkıran, Adnan Çelikel, Cem Zeren, Muhammet Mustafa ArslanThe aim of this study is to present a case who committed suicide by an incomplete hanging method. A woman, who was 80 years old with low-socioeconomic-status and living alone, was found dead at home. There was history of medicine usage for psychiatric problems. In crime scene investigation, there was blood trail in different parts of kitchen, room and courtyard and also a washtub with blood and a bread knife inside was found. The case was found hanged to the wall side metal of the stretcher with a woman sock. The distance between the knot and the ground was measured as 20cm. In external examination there was ligature mark on neck, numerous cutting wounds in anterior side of both wrists and posterior side of left wrist and hand. There were no trauma signs at body other than the ligature mark and the cutting wounds. It was understood that the case was died as a result of asphyxia due to hanging. We are presenting this case because she was carrying risk factors for suicide, usage of two different methods for suicide and strangeness of hanging method. Keywords: Suicide, Old age, Two different suicide method.
- 193-197Physical Abuse Related Death of a Disabled Child in NurseryAuthors: Ali Metin, Nursel Gamsız Bilgin, Veli YıldırımPeople with disabilities constitute a large portion of our society as approximately 12.3%. İndividuals with disabilities have been in the risk group of violence. Disabled people have been target of physical, sexual, economic, emotional violence such as children, women and elderly. As a result of the violence experience they may have physical, mental problems, increasing disabled level or die. Many national and international research include that people with disabilities are exposed to different type of violence especially physical and sexual violence. 9 year old child that had lived in disabled care service, exposed to severe violence and neglect from care service worker. To show the incidence and result of violence and neglect contribute destruction the source of violence.
- 198-203New Trend in Narcotic Drugs: Synthetic CannabinoidsAuthors: Selahattin ARTUÇ, Kamil Hakan DOĞAN, Şerafettin DEMİRCİNatural cannabis (Δ9-THC, tetrahydrocannabinol) is obtained from Indian hemp plant (Cannabis sativa) and it acts on cannabinoid receptors expressed as CB1, CB2. The therapeutic effects of cannabis is known from far away times. At the present time, some drugs containing kannabinoid are used for medical purposes. Synthetic cannabinoids’ chemical structure is quite different than natural cannabis. Cannabinoid receptor affinity and activity are greater than the natural cannabis. Substances containing synthetic cannabinoids are generally called “Spice”, “K2” abroad and, “Bonzai” or “Jamaica” in Turkey. Legal sale of herbal mixtures containing synthetic cannabinoids at places called “head shop” and “smart shop” in some countries and having easily access to them from the internet is an attractive feature for users. Moreover the impact stronger than cannabis, affordability, easy accessibility and getting rid of standard material tests contribute to increasing use of synthetic cannabinoids. As there is absence of reference standards of synthetic cannabinoids, it is not easy to identify them. In order to overcome legal barriers, new cannabinomimetic analogs are presented to market constantly. When taking into consideration of the increase of the use of synthetic cannabinoids, it is expected to be one of the most problematic drugs in the near future. Due to the widespread abuse of synthetic cannabinoids, further investigation of these substances is needed for better identification of their pharmacology and toxicology and to make appropriate legal planning and arrangements. Keywords: Synthetic cannabinoid, bonzai, narcotic drug.
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